Marketing Mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Mix - Essay Example a.. Discussion on which elements of the marketing mix are still being promoted 5 b. Considerations for new developments 5 4. Conclusion 6 Annexes 8 List of references 12 . An analysis of the Pre launching strategy of Cotswold Water Park Introduction. Costswold Water Park Four Pillars Hotel located near Swindon was launched in 2007and had used integrated marketing strategies in pre-launching. Purpose of this research is to analyze if marketing approaches used by the hotel sustained the success of pre-launch a. Review of the marketing mix The hotel used high level plans related to the marketing mix. Chai, Lee , (May 2009) & MacArthy( 06 Sept 2011) consider the right mix of product, pricing, place and, promotion to be assured of a pre-launching success. It is likened to baking a cake wherein there is a right proportion to come out with a desirable product. b. Discussion of the pre-launch activities. Marketing Team Direct, 2011 of the hotel first considered the creation of positioning an d message statements about the hotel. Next, they applied a segmented approach wherein they set a clear target of customers to know their needs and motivations, and travel behavior in order to get an actionable picture of targeted customers. Third, they created activities to support the launch such as marketing and sales tools. Then, they had the partnership strategy wherein they sold the product thru their distribution channel. Next,   they ensured that product infrastructure is fully developed. They also prepared for the international travelers by designing a website. Last is the preparation for the hotel operational activities and coming up with a price system.(Marketing Team Direct, 2011) c. Objectives of the marketers. Objectives set are to be assured of a ready market or advanced bookings of travelers to maintain operations during first months of opening d .What pre-launch activities are evident? Pre-launch activities were selective promotions to target customers by creating brand awareness, research on prospect’s data, and securing advanced bookings. Marketing tools used were advertising, vehicle graphics and press releases, PR and creation of a company website (Marketing Team Direct, 2011) e. Which elements of the Marketing Mix are being focused on and which are missing? Price, place, product and promotion are the marketing mix used, but the people factor is missing. MacArthy believes people or personnel should be incorporated as an approach for service oriented business like Cotswold.. Their strategy lacked the feedback support. The hotel is a service industry, and much depends on the services it offers. The campaign fails to identify the service culture that indicates â€Å"customer satisfaction is the top priority and the hotel activity should demonstrate these business objectives of the customer’. (ITIL Service Culture definition) Bruce Goff (2005), a licensed interior designer for hotel industry, uses the theory of Maslow for hospi tality design that meets hierarchy of needs. On this, he speculates that hotels should be designed to meet the basic needs of travelers then afterwards respond to higher standards of customers needs. He related the bedding wars of Hilton, Marriot, and Westin Hotel and upgrading of small amenities like soaps, towels, shampoo that give customers satisfaction. Advanced Services Marketing (2008) said that there are service standards that should be

The Semai Culture Essay Example for Free

The Semai Culture Essay A peaceful Malaysian culture by the name of Semai, is mostly known for their non-violence approach to life. This society calls the Malay Peninsula of South Asia home. With a unique way of life, the environment and their beliefs help mold the culture and its people. This paper will outline how the Semai culture socially interacts, survives in the forest and why they remain such a peaceful culture. Living in various areas within the mountains and rainforests of Malay Peninsula, the Semai culture is highly opposed to violent activity and is always on the move. This non-violent belief is also a contributing factor to why Semai’s move around peninsula, because if any type of tension is created between neighboring groups or tribes the Semai will quickly relocate to avoid violence. In comparison to the lives in America, Semai’s daily activities are much different. As a foraging group, which means they live a hunting and gathering lifestyle; the Semai’s are always moving around year after year in search for new prime areas that are good for farming and hunting. As a foraging community, Semai’s also practice some horticultural techniques for example, cutting and burning greens and using the ashes an enriched fertilizer to the crops (Nowak Laird, 2010). In the small Semai community labor is divided among the men and the women. Men are mostly responsible for hunting, women are responsible for things like weaving and harvesting rice, however everyone works together when taking care and maintaining the crops. The Semai community is mostly made of nuclear families, meaning the families are made of both the mother and father and the children. The Semai community does not have a true political structure but the eldest male in the family are looked at as the leader and they rely on him to keep the peace. During any decision making within the Semai group women and men are involved. Like many other cultures the elders are also looked at for guidance during any decision makings because they are the most  experienced and respecting within the family and community (Nowak Laird, 2010). Gender relationships are easy going concept in the Semai culture because both genders are equal in the culture. Semai’s believe in the bilateral descent system, which is also the system most American’s believe in. Bilate ral descent means the kinship connection is equally important on the mother and father side. There is not a formal wedding ceremony between man and woman. The community will simply recognize a man and woman as a married couple if they are sleeping, eating, and living together. If the couple stops this activity then they would be considered separated (Peacefulsocities.org). Within this peaceful culture everything is shared, so thanking someone is actually an offensive gesture because the culture greatly believes in sharing. Sharing does not only take place within the nuclear family. Sharing is a way of life for everyone in the community, so whatever food that’s available is equally shared with everyone. Even the elderly or sick that were not able to contribute are still given equal shares as everyone else. A simple act like this explains why this culture is so peaceful. To openly share with everyone in your community or village without a second thought and to get offended when someone says â€Å"thank you† shows a true noble characteristic. This is something that the American society can learn from. In addition, this culture is a great example of how generalized reciprocity work, because during this practice an immediate return is not expected, it is just believed that everything will work it’s self out in the long run (Nowak Laird, 2010). Even when working outside the Semai community, the beliefs and morals of the Semai culture is still reflected in their thought process. The example below will illustrate how the people of Semai would struggle with modern day thinking of production and labor, which also means you have to separate the responsibilities of work and family. â€Å"A Semai man was hired by a logging company to level an area in the highlands, working a specified number of hours over four days. Instead of working over the requested period he completed the job all in one day, freeing the other days to work in his orchards and fields. When he went to collect his wages, the manager informed him he would not be paid because he did not follow their instructions. The Semai man did not demonstrate the punctuality and discipline the company required. In industrialized society, time is  perceived in a linear, progressive fashion. Time is commoditized (time is money), it is scarce (dont waste time), and it is organized by a clock. For the Semai man and other preliterate peoples, time is repetitive, cyclical, and unchanging. Time is not alienable; in other words, it cannot be bought. sold, or transferred to anyone else, and there is sufficiency. Time is not organized by a clock but by nature and rituals. Thus, based on the above comparison of concepts of time, it is clear there would be a difference of opinion. The Semai man argued that to work the schedule the company had requested would have prevented him from finding additional work and restricted his ability to go hunting; he had completed the task satisfactorily and therefore deserved payment. To him, how he had completed it in terms of scheduling was irrelevant—he had been asked to level a field and he had done so. Whether the task was completed in one day or four was unimportant—the work was done (Dentan, 1977)† (Nowak Laird, 2010). The Semai culture believes in Punan, which includes a list of different sanctions that encourages proper behavior such as sharing and non-violence. Semai’s believe that human feelings such as, unfulfilled desires could cause an individual to be vulnerable to evil spirit that can cause a person to become ill or die. It is also believed that these forbidden internal emotions can even cause animal attacks to a person. The surrounding forest is also considered to be full of evil spirits that are waiting to attack. So anyone that decides to venture out on their own are at great risk and the Semai community would assume that individual has gone mad or crazy. With the belief that there are malevolent spirits that are waiting to prey on the living, the Semai culture believe that remaining peaceful and sharing is a vital factor to their livelihood (Robarchek, 1998). This belief system also reflects how Semai children are raised. Due to the importance of non violence children would rarely receive and physical punishment, however they would receive threats of punishment from evil spirits. Due to the closeness of the Semai community, everyone is involved in raising the child which embodies the importance of sharing. From childhood individuals are taught how to behave, what to believe, what to value and how to produce. In conjunction to these basic elements and the  environment around us, we are molded into individuals that create these interesting cultures around the world. The Semai culture is very different from others due to their belief system and their way of life. However, they are very similar to other cultures with their kinship and social structure. This paper outlined how the Semai culture socially interacts by encouraging gender equality and respect, foraging and using horticultural techniques in the forest, and remaining peaceful through the Punan belief. . Reference Nowak, B., Laird, P. (2010). Cultural Anthropology. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Peaceful Socities.org (n.d). Peaceful Societies. Alternatives to Violence and War. Retrieved November 19, 2012 from http://www.peacefulsocieties.org/society/semai.html Robarchek, C. A., Robarchek, C. J. (1998). Reciprocities and realities: World views, peacefulness.. Aggressive Behavior, 24(2), 123-133. Retrieved December 1, 2012 from EBSCO Sà ¸rensen, M. (2007). Competing Discourses of Aggression and Peacefulness. Peace Review, 19(4), 603-609. doi:10.1080/10402650701681251 Retrieved December 1, 2012 from EBSCO

Communism: America Denies Freedoms to its Citizens :: American America History

Communism: America Denies Freedoms to its Citizens We fight for freedom abroad, but deny it to those at home.   The 1920s presents a perfect example -- the U.S. was just finishing WWI in which they fought for freedom in a foreign country, but right after the war they denied freedom to those on their home front.   Our Constitution should protect its citizen’s rights and freedoms, and then it can stop when we all realize that the Constitution is just a piece of paper.   It has no bearing unless it is written upon the hearts of government officials and they choose to follow these laws.   And from the past one should realize that this is not always possible.   As for the 1920s, the U.S. government became tyrannical over its people denying them such freedoms as speech and the right to a lawyer.   This leads to the question â€Å"Was the U.S. justified to infringe on the freedoms of others?† The Palmer Raids happened in direct correlation to events that occurred on the first of May 1919.   On May 1, several packages were delivered by the United States Postal Service to several prominent figures including judges, senators and businessmen.   One such package was delivered to Senator Thomas Hardwick of Georgia.   Ethel Williams his personal secretary went outside and received the package.   As she proceeded to open the packages, the package exploded, blowing off her two arms and nearly killing her (Hoyt 4). While this bomb did incite some government officials to fear Communists, the bombing that put them over the top happened to Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer.   Palmer and other politicians were sitting in the library of Palmer’s house when they heard an explosion.   All the members of this gathering exited outside and discovered it had been a bomb; only this time the person did not set the fuse correctly and died when the bomb went off.   They found the victim’s body with literature that read, â€Å"There will be bloodshed; we will not dodge; there will have to be murder; we will kill, because it is necessary; we will destroy to rid the world of your tyrannical institutions†Ã‚   (Hoyt 31). Instead of Palmer going after the person or persons whom directly planned the bombing, he went after everyone who had any association with the organizations the person or persons were part of.   He blamed a whole group for the action of one.

Social Consequences of Industrialisation in Britain

In this report I am going to discuss the social consequences of industrialisation in Britain between 1800- and 1850. I will analyse the trends in population movements from rural settings to the city and discuss their causes. I will also discuss social structures of the time and explain how they were affected by industrialisation. I will analyse wealth in regards to distribution amongst the classes and how they differed.Lastly I will discuss such social conditions as living and working conditions, health and sanitation, law and order and education and reforms and laws which were set up as a means of trying to better people’s lives. Introduction Poverty was a concept that people in Britain in the Victorian age struggled with. Were the destitute victims of circumstances, idle and work shy or the victims of industrialisation?There was also the question of who should be responsible for the poor, should society take care of them or as many believed should they simply be left to thei r own devices? The hymn ‘All things bright and beautiful show a typical view on poverty; ‘The rich man in his castle, The poor man at his gate, God made them high and lowly, And ordered their estate. ’ With the onset of industrialisation and population shift, people began to question their place in society and anticipate whether they could indeed change this. Population migrationThe reasons for migration from the country to the city during the 18th and 19th centuries is mainly threefold, for one the population in the country began to grow, this is attributed to the drop in infant mortality rate and the surplus in births over deaths, secondly the invention of farm enhancing methods drastically reduced the need for an agricultural workforce, that, in conjunction with the development of large mass producing factories within the cities drew people away as there was more employment opportunity.Lastly, the north became a hub for large scale industrialisation as it was i n abundance with raw materials such as coal and iron which fuelled the rate of growth, while the south was the bread basket of the country. The population of northern cities such a Manchester grew from 25,000 in l772 to 303,000 by l850. By 1850, Britain was the only country in the world to have a larger urban population than rural. Social and occupational structure At the beginning of the 19th century, British population was very much ranked in classes; this was a way of assessing ones wealth and developing a social structure.The land owners and nobility were at the top of this structure, these people were the ones in change of the county. This power derived from the fact that only the wealthy land owners were permitted to vote therefore they would only permit laws which benefited themselves. With the rise of industrialization a new ‘middle class’ was born. This was usually wealthy merchants who had invested in factories and become very rich. They were not however alway s land owners and therefore unable to vote.The mill owners began to feel they deserved the right to vote. They indeed paid taxes and contributed heavily to the economy and in many cases were far wealthier than the blue blood land owners. The Whigs saw the middle classes push for the vote as a way to gain power, they knew if they could get a reformation on voting passed they would gain masses of support from the middle class. The Tories however resisted this. After the Whigs came to power in 1830, they tried several times to pass a reformation act, which the Tories repeatedly blocked.This was only passed when Earl Grey appealed directly to the king, who agreed to create more Whig lords. This did not please the Tory lords who then gave in and agreed to pass the Reformation Act. The working class where unaffected by this reformation in voting and began pushing for power and began organising trade unions to stand up for their rights against employers. The employers however banned groups of workers congregating in order to prevent them from rising up. Distribution of wealth Workers at this time were treated very badly, there were no laws specifying working times or wages.Meaning employers could pay as little as they wanted and workers were usually expected to work up to 19 hours per day 6 days a week. Work conditions were usually dangerous and accidents could easily happen. Despite these bad conditions however workers had little choice but to put up with them as work was hard to come by and there were often long lines of unemployed people queuing for their jobs. Many woman and children as young as 3 were employed in the factories until 1819 Cotton Mills act was passed preventing children under 9 from working and children under 16 from working more then 12 hours.Due to this exploitation of workers, the mill owners became fabulously wealthy. In addition to exploiting their workers, areas such as the textile trade imported cheap raw materials and sold them on for a la rge profit. Life in industrial cities Law and order Due to the poverty of many crime rates soared in the 19th century, in 1800 75% of these were petty thefts such as pick pocketing many of these were children, this is explored in Dickens’s Oliver twist, with his depiction of Fagin’s gang of pickpockets.Many people were also involved in marches as a way as campaigning for their rights and gaining fairer wages /wanting the right to vote and actions such as the luddites revolt. The judicial system of the time was varied and punishments such as prison, hanging and deportation was given out. In 1829 the Metropolitan Police were set up and in 1835 towns were allowed to set up their own police force. Education Before 1870, there was no standardised way of educating children in Britain; there was no Free State education until 1891.Prior to this the majority of children receiving education were those of the wealthy they were often educated at home by nannies. Once the boys were old enough (around 10/11) they would be sent to public school i. e. Eaton then progress to law school or become doctors. . Children of the poor were sent out to work when they were deemed old enough, education was not as important as earning a wage. However with the poor law amendment act, children entering the workhouse were also to receive education. Living conditions:Due to the rate of urban expansion houses were built quickly and were of poor quality, with areas often being referred to as ‘slums’. There was often housing shortages which resulted in cramped living spaces were whole families often lived in one room. ‘Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the, metropolis †¦ In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room’ Due to the high rent charges imposed by landlords and the growing demand for jobs many people became homeless an d ived on the streets. The streets were frightening places and this poverty and destitution gave rise to such social problems as alcoholism and prostitution as a way of escaping and making ends meet. Health conditions These cramp conditions also meant little to no sanitation which lead on to the spread of disease such as cholera, typhoid ad smallpox. In an article in 1849, author Henry Mayhew wrote how a ditch ran through the streets of London into which sewage emptied from this ditch the people would also drink. As we gazed in horror at it, we saw drains and sewers emptying their filthy contents into it; we saw a whole tier of doorless privies in the open road, common to men and women built over it; we heard bucket after bucket of filth splash into it’ Bad health for the poor can also be attributed to the corn law of 1804, in that the landowners imposed taxes on imported corn to protect their profits, thus making the price of bread, a staple of the poor mans diet, far more e xpensive. This in conjunction with a bad harvest in 1816 meant prices became higher still.Edwin Chadwick was a huge influence on the development of sanitation when he published ‘The Chadwick Report’ The Chadwick report In 1837, there were epidemics of influenza and typhoid. Edwin Chadwick was asked to compile a report looking at the living conditions of the poor. He conducted his report between 1839 and 1841. In his report he argued that disease was a direct result of poor sanitary conditions, concluding that reform must be made. In 1848 the ‘Public Health Act’ was passed. This act ensured that water and sewage supplies were clean as well as cleaning the streets and refuse collection was introduced.Chadwick was appointed Sanitation Commissioner and also president of the association of public sanitary inspectors in 1884. During his time in these roles he argued ways public health could be improved. These included the availability of fresh, clean water, water closets in every house and a sewage network which disposed of waste far away from inhabited areas. The old poor law The old poor law was introduced in 1601 and gave help to any poor person within the parish be it through monetary means, medical or the giving of food. This relief was paid for via poor rate, which was paid by local taxes.By 1832, the country was paying ? 7 million per anum to the able bodied poor and topping up low wages, something which the wealthy disagreed with. They argued that this encouraged laziness as a man knew he could work less and receive the same amount of money. They also argued it would have a negative effect on labouring, thus plunging the country into poverty. In 1834 a report was commissioned into bettering the welfare of the poor and reducing the government’s expenditure. The findings of this report lead onto the reform of the poor law. The poor law amendment act 1834Under this new act, the parishes were grouped into unions and each union wa s to build a workhouse. The unions were prevented from giving outside help to the poor and help was only accessible to those willing to give up their homes and enter the workhouses. The workhouses were deemed the ultimate humiliation to the poor and was meant to act as a deterrent to the able bodied poor. Conditions inside the workhouses were purposely bad and families were split up and sent to different living quarters. They were fed on basic food rations and children received education within the workhouses in exchange for several hours of daily manual labour.The workhouses were very unpopular and not all people agreed with the poor law. Richard Oastler referred to the workhouses as ‘prisons’ and several workhouses such as Andover Workhouse were published in the media for their horrific conditions. Charles dickens also sympathised with the poor stating in his novels that individuals in the workhouse were treated worse than criminals. ‘we have come to this absurd , this dangerous, this monstrous pass, that the dishonest felon is, in respect of cleanliness, order, diet, and accommodation, better provided for, and taken care of, than the honest pauper. Due to this the government set strict rules for the running of the workhouse. They were not always followed however. Conclusion It is evident that this period of history had a profound and ever-changing effect on the society of Britain, which can still be seen today. Many people suffered, sacrificed and fought for the rights to change their circumstances. New innovations and developments meant Britain became an industrial giant, and one of the wealthiest countries of its time. As well as a positive effect, like all things, there is also a negative. For the vast wealth created there were those who were exploited and became destitute.It can be argued however that this was necessary and without the suffering, progression would not have been possible. —————— ————————– [ 1 ]. C. Alexander 1848 [ 2 ]. Early Victorian Britain, J. F. C Harrison, Fontana press, London, 1988, Page 18 [ 3 ]. http://www. flowofhistory. com/units/eme/17/fc113 retrieved 20/01/12 [ 4 ]. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/Pwhigs. htm, retrieved 1/12/11 [ 5 ]. Early Victorian Britain, J. F. C Harrison, Fontana press, London, 1988, Page 39 [ 6 ]. Summary of the duties of a justice of the peace out of sessions, H Pye, J Butterworth and sons 1827, Page 43 [ 7 ]. ttp://vcp. e2bn. org/teachers/11466-timeline. html retrieved 28/1/12 [ 8 ]. http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/education_health/laissez_faire_07. shtml retrieved 28/1/12 [ 9 ]. The Victorian underworld, K Chesney, Penguin books, 1991 [ 10 ]. http://www. hiddenlives. org. uk/articles/poverty. html retrieved 28/1/12 [ 11 ]. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/PRcorn. htm retrieved 28/1/12 [ 12 ]. Edwin Chadwick, Poor la w and public health, R Watson, Longman group limited, England, 1990, page 6-15 [ 13 ]. A Christmas carol, C Dickens, Broadveiw press, 2003 page 204.

Lack of effective communication

When a mountaineer goes up for the mountain’s peak, when a pilot soar high in the sky with his plane and when a treasure hunter goes for the hidden treasure with his map, there are two things they all need to have- a compass and a watch. They are but small, simple gadgets yet their importance cannot be denied. Like a compass, communication gives direction to the players in the organization. As a watch, communication defines the perfect timing of every course of action. Having the best players in a team, the best facilities and enough resources cannot give an organization the assurance of its success. This is simply because, as Keith Denton said, 1â€Å"More often, what is required is the simplest need of all-communication.† What brings all the elements of an organization or a team together is communication. Consider a basketball team who is behind by two points in the last few seconds of the game. If the team has a time-out to utilize, shall the coach call for a time-out or just leave the chance to the players? If not, who will be responsible? It could not be just anyone. Effective communication plays an urgent and essential role in this situation. First, in identifying what the problem is. Communicating factual and accurate information on the nature of the problem is the first step in solving a problem. In the business set-up, the earlier the problem is identified, the more time is provided to the team or the organization to solve it. Consider a manufacturing company which is experiencing a significant decline in its production rate for the past three months. Shift production supervisor A accounts the problem to the old machines they are using. Supervisor B blames it to the shift on the standards of the Quality Control department. Supervisor C thinks the problem is due to the newly imported raw materials from a new supplier. Suppose the production head asked only supervisor A and then agreed to address the problem immediately to the management. So the management decided to buy new production machines in order to cope up with its production. Supervisors B and C did not coordinate their evaluations on the problem because they were not asked. After few months, production increased only by few percentage. Re-evaluation revealed that the problem is due to the newly imported raw materials and not on the old machines. This is just one of the many tragic results of lack of effective communication. If only the production head was able to ask the other supervisors, or the supervisors coordinated their evaluations to the production head, even if they were not asked, then their evaluations could have been considered in the management’s decision in solving the problem. The cost of the new production machines could have been saved and the raw materials supplier could have been immediately reprimanded and replaced. Sad to say, time and effort lost in this situation can no more be saved; they are permanently lost. Communication is a basic requirement in all aspects of the organization. 2â€Å"The absence of good planning and sound communications also causes projects to fail.† (G. Silver) In fact, communication is a vital tool in the planning stage of a project. In identifying the what, where, when, why, who and how of a plan, information has to flow through communication lines in order to be utilized by planners and decision makers. In delegation, controlling and directing functions of the management, communication is a basic tool. This is the reason why leaders have to be good communicators. In problem solving and decision making, one has to learn how to make him understood by others and learn also to understand others. This can only be made possible by developing effective communication skills and process. 3 A case study done at General Electric Company and Cypress Semiconductor Corp. revealed that 88% of its engineers believed that â€Å"lack of communication and cooperation leads to reduced productivity.† Further evaluation of this result will give us the fact that this is because planners and decision makers rely on available, coordinated information in formulating their business activities. If all needed information are properly communicated to the concerned individuals, then problem solving and decision making will most probably have favorable results. Considering the vitality of effective communication in an organization which is working as a team, it is but fair to conclude that communication can make or break an organization. REFERENCES Denton, D. Keith. Business Horizons. September-October 1993. Retrieved from http://www.howtobooks.co.uk/business/networking. retrieved on September 07, 2006 Silver, Gerald and Myrra. Systems Analysis and Design. Chapter 06. page 22. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Mass. USA. 1992 P and Q Survey 1990. Effective Business Communications. Retrieved from http://www.howtobooks.co.uk/business/networking Retrieved on September 07, 2006

How to Get Motivated to Do Homework - Top 7 Effective Tips †College-Homework-Help.org

How to Get Motivated to Do Homework - Top 7 Effective Tips – College-Homework-Help.org Students of all the ages face the problem of getting down to studying and wonder how to get yourself motivated to do homework. It is not surprising; there are many temptations surrounding them: good weather outside, social networks, video games, movies, serials, etc. This list can be just endless. Not doing tasks is absolutely wrong, because you can get a gap in knowledge, which will be reflected in the annual assessment. It may seem unimportant; this gap can sometimes make you feel embarrassed when you do not know the elementary things from the school program. The most reasonable thing is to force yourself to study at home and find your own motivation to do homework. In this post, we will talk about how to get motivated to do homework and get the maximum benefit from studying at home. How to Get Motivated to Do Homework – Basic Rules The most effective ways to get inspired to work on assignments are simple and do not require any  special knowledge, preparations, and money. Just follow these rules, and you will elaborate a habit to do home assignments routinely. Make sure to follow other rules; there will be no result. Be aware of how to get motivated to do homework. Eliminate the Influence of Distractions The most important and decisive moment will be when you will change your habits and eliminate the things that may potentially disturb you from doing assignments. Turn off the TV in your room; Close the door - there should be silence in the room; Turn off the computer and, if possible, the phone; Hide entertainment magazines. That is, ensure that nothing could take away your time or attention, as focusing on an assignment and performing tasks at home are extremely important. Firstly, the more concentration is on the task, the faster it is performed. Even a short phone call can bring down the concentration during half an hour. Always remember how to get motivated to do homework. GET MY HOMEWORK DONE How to Get Motivated to do Homework and Fight Your Laziness Excluding distractions is easy and useful. If you are overcome by laziness, it will be difficult to find time and motivation to do homework. You will constantly take breaks and will not be able to study effectively; this will lead to your poor academic performance. To fight with your laziness, we recommend you to set a clear schedule. Decide on the exact time/ day to do your studies. Click  here to read about who invented home assignments and what purpose it practically serves. Tip # 1 - Choose a Convenient Place A lot of people believe that the place of doing assignments affects the learning motivation. There is no universal rule, and the place one should adjust to his specific case. Some people find it easier to do home assignments in the school library, where the necessary literature in place. Others find their perfect place abed, where they can conveniently lay out with notebooks and books. Most people find it easier to set themselves up for lessons at the desk in their room. If you do not feel yourself tuned to home tasks, try new places; changing even the landscape outside the window will positively affect the desire to do tasks. Find your ideal place and beaver away at home tasks effectively. Tip # 2 - Set a Goal for Your Motivation to do Homework Setting a goal can be a useful exercise when it comes to finding motivation to do homework. You can even set several objectives you would like to reach. Finishing a quarter with good grades, joining a scientific club, and graduating with honors sound as a good plan. If the goal is set correctly, it will encourage you to do  homework lessons in any mood and condition. Everything will be easy. To accent attention and not to forget about your task inadvertently, you can attach stickers with the set goals are written to the desk. Tip # 3 - Find Something Interesting Despite the monotony of school classes, you can find a lot of interesting and cognitive things in them in order to know how to get motivated to do homework. You were asked to read some literary work or a new chapter on World History. Try to read this in such a way as to find those facts that would interest you. Do not try to remember everything but keep in mind the main essence and a couple of points. Regarding those subjects containing nothing interesting, always remember that you are not going to engage yourself in doing such a boring activity in the future. This will inspire you. You need to spend several hours per week studying this subject to reach your goal. If the lesson or a task is boring, think of the slightest detail that can become interesting. QUICK HOMEWORK SOLUTION Tip # 4 - Bet With Someone This method brings an amazing result to those who consider themselves to be risky. Bet with someone from your classmates that during the next week you will receive a higher grade than he will. Choose those who study at the same level as you or even better. In such a way, you will know how to get motivated for homework and do your home assignments effectively. In such a bet, there will be neither losers nor winners, as both students will strive to study more thoughtfully. If you want to reach the best result, bet on it. Tip # 5 - Do Lessons With Classmates Sitting in silence and doing home assignments is a boring occupation; performed in two, it can become an interesting and exciting activity. It is even easier to find answers together. If you wonder â€Å"how do I get motivated to do my homework?† invite a classmate to work on the home assignment together. If you find such â€Å"companion† studying useful, we recommend you to do home assignments in the school library in order to save time. Wonder why students are given much home assignments? Find answers in the post  here. Tip # 6 - Make the Computer Your Assistant It's no secret that the computer is the air to the younger generations; they cannot live without it. Although being quite a useful thing, a pc has a number of drawbacks, such as video games and social networks. Parents are extremely unhappy when their children spend hours in front of a pc. If you are fond of working on a computer, find a way to do your home assignments using a pc! You will be more interested in doing tasks, and parents will not mind it. The main thing is that the computer should help you do assignments without distracting you from performing it or playing your favorite video games. Remember, it should only help you, speed up, and make the studying process effective. Use it in your struggle of how to get motivated for homework. Tip # 7 - Ask Parents for Help If none of the methods help, we recommend asking your parents for help. Honestly explain the situation. This is a courageous and adult act. You will rise in estimation of your parents; they will understand that their child is growing up. They will never refuse to help you and will ensure that the conditions at home are comfortable for  studying and recreation. In any case, you will always win! Final Say Wondering how to get yourself motivated to do homework? Remember that the above methods will be hardly effective if not applied in all together. If you take them in a complex way, the result will surprise you to the upside; we do hope that the article was useful, and you found an answer on how to get motivated to do homework. Discipline yourself, set the most convenient studying conditions, and do not be afraid of asking for help. These will help you in the future! By the way, you can always use some  applications, to ease your work on home assignments.

Teen Years and The Catcher in the Rye Essays

Teen Years and The Catcher in the Rye Essays Teen Years and The Catcher in the Rye Essay Teen Years and The Catcher in the Rye Essay Essay Topic: The Catcher in the Rye For many individuals, their teenage years are difficult time. Many teens yearn for a sense of belonging and have difficulty in seeking a place where they genuinely fit in. Holden Caulfield, a teenager in the 1950’s faces the same problems. After flunking out of his fourth boarding school, he decides to not go home and spends a couple of nights alone in New York.This ultimately leads to his mental breakdown. Holden’sfears cause him to have a his guard up at all times and his value tie him to the past. By lying, Holden reveals his fear of rejection. Towards the end of the novel Holden takes Sally Hayes on a date. Holden does not actually have feelings for Sally, but he still makes an effort to spend time with her. Holden has a strong admiration for Jane but doesn’t attempt to contact her.His love for her is evident, he wants to protect her and he even admires the simple things about Jane. For instance, he admires the fact that she kept her kings in the back when playing checkers. By keeping the kings in the back she is protecting them and Holden tries to do the same to Jane and fails to protect her and from her drunken stepfather. He does so because if Holden were to be rejected by Sally it would have no effect on him, because he does not genuinely like her. If he were to be rejected by Jane his reaction would verydifferent, considering the fact that he actually likes Jane. He would rather be unhappy with Sallyinstead oftakinga chance with Sally and being rejected by her. H e is protecting himself, it would destroy him to be rejected by a person that he cares about so much. Another time Holden lies to protect himself is when he lies to Ernest Morrow’s mother on the train ride leaving Pencey. Instead of waiting till it was time for break he packs all his things and leaves early. She sees that he has a Pencey sticker on his luggage asks about if she knows her son. Holden lies and says her son is one of the most popular b

Definition and Examples of Personification

Definition and Examples of Personification Definition Personification is a  trope or figure of speech (generally considered a type of metaphor) in which an inanimate object or abstraction is given human qualities or abilities. The term in classical rhetoric for personification is prosopopoeia. See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: What Is Personification?AllegoryApostrophe (Rhetoric)Ontological MetaphorPersonification Is Alive and WellTeaching the Figures of Speech in MoviesThe Top 20 Figures of Speech Examples of Personification in Essays and Novels James Weldon Johnsons New York in the Early 1900sThe Old Oak of Andover, by Harriet Beecher StoweOn a Rainy Morning, by C. S. BrooksPersonification in Jonathan Lethems Motherless BrooklynThe Story of a Garden, by Mabel Wright Examples and Observations Oreo: Milk’s favorite cookie.  (slogan on a package of Oreo cookies)The wind stood up and gave a shout.He whistled on his fingers andKicked the withered leaves aboutAnd thumped the branches with his handAnd said hed kill and kill and kill,And so he will! And so he will!(James Stephens, The Wind)The fog had crept into the taxi where it crouched panting in a traffic jam. It oozed in ungenially, to smear sooty fingers over the two elegant young people who sat inside.(Margery Allingham, The Tiger in the Smoke, 1952)Only the champion daisy trees were serene. After all, they were part of a rain forest already two thousand years old and scheduled for eternity, so they ignored the men and continued to rock the diamondbacks that slept in their arms. It took the river to persuade them that indeed the world was altered. (Toni Morrison, Tar Baby, 1981)The small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat under the chin as we fished at anchor.(E.B. White, Once More to the Lake, 1941)The ro ad isnt built that can make it breathe hard! (slogan for Chevrolet automobiles) Unseen, in the background, Fate was quietly slipping the lead into the boxing gloves. (P.G. Wodehouse, Very Good, Jeeves, 1930)They crossed another yard, where hulks of obsolete machinery crouched, bleeding rust into their blankets of snow . . .. (David Lodge, Nice Work. Viking, 1988)Fear knocked on the door. Faith answered. There was no one there.(proverb quoted by Christopher Moltisanti, The Sopranos)Pimento eyes bulged in their olive sockets. Lying on a ring of onion, a tomato slice exposed its seedy smile . . .. (Toni Morrison, Love: A Novel. Alfred A. Knopf, 2003)Good morning, America, how are you?Dont you know me Im your native son.Im the train they call the City of New Orleans;Ill be gone five hundred miles when the day is done.(Steve Goodman, The City of New Orleans, 1972)The only monster here is the gambling monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and its time to snatch your mother from his neon claws! (Homer Simpson, The Simpsons)The operation is over. On the table, the knife lies spent, on its side, the bloody meal smear-dried upon its flanks. The knife rests.And waits.(Richard Selzer, The Knife. Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery. Simon Schuster, 1976) Dirk turned on the car wipers, which grumbled because they didnt have quite enough rain to wipe away, so he turned them off again. Rain quickly speckled the windscreen.He turned on the wipers again, but they still refused to feel that the exercise was worthwhile, and scraped and squeaked in protest.(Douglas Adams, The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul. William Heinemann, 1988)Joy’s trick is to supplyDry lips with what can cool and slake,Leaving them dumbstruck also with an acheNothing can satisfy.(Richard Wilbur, Hamlen Brook)Outside, the sun springs down on the rough and tumbling town. It runs through the hedges of Goosegog Lane, cuffing the birds to sing. Spring whips green down Cockle Row, and the shells ring out. Llaregyb this snip of a morning is wildfruit and warm, the streets, fields, sands and waters springing in the young sun.(Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood, 1954) Roger Angells Personifications of Death Death, meanwhile, was constantly onstage or changing costume for his next engagementas Bergman’s thick-faced chess player; as the medieval night-rider in a hoodie; as Woody Allen’s awkward visitor half-falling into the room as he enters through the window; as W.C. Fields’s man in the bright nightgownand in my mind had gone from spectre to a waiting second-level celebrity on the Letterman show. Or almost. Some people I knew seemed to have lost all fear when dying and awaited the end with a certain impatience. I’m tired of lying here, said one. Why is this taking so long? asked another. Death will get it on with me eventually, and stay much too long, and though I’m in no hurry about the meeting, I feel I know him almost too well by now.  (Roger Angell, This Old Man. The New Yorker, February 17, 2014)   Harriet Beecher Stowes Old Oak Right opposite our house, on our Mount Clear, is an old oak, the apostle of the primeval forest. . . . His limbs have been here and there shattered; his back begins to look mossy and dilapidated; but after all, there is a piquant, decided air about him, that speaks the old age of a tree of distinction, a kingly oak. Today I see him standing, dimly revealed through the mist of falling snows; tomorrows sun will show the outline of his gnarled limbsall rose color with their soft snow burden; and again a few months, and spring will breathe on him, and he will draw a long breath, and break out once more, for the three-hundredth time, perhaps, into a vernal crown of leaves.  (Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Old Oak of Andover, 1855)   Shakespeares Use of Personification Do villainy, do, since you protest to dot,Like workmen. Ill example you with thievery.The suns a thief, and with his great attractionRobs the vast sea; the moons an arrant thief,And her pale fire she snatches from the sun;The seas a thief, whose liquid surge resolvesThe moon into salt tears; the earths a thief,That feeds and breeds by a composture stolenFrom general excrement: each things a thief.(Timon in Timon of Athens by William Shakespeare)   Frauds Tears Next came Fraud, and he had on,Like Eldon, an ermined gown;His big tears, for he wept well,Turned to mill-stones as they fell.And the little children, whoRound his feet played to and fro,Thinking every tear a gem,Had their brains knocked out by them.(Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Mask of Anarchy)   Two Types of Personification [I]t is necessary to distinguish two meanings of the term personification. One refers to the practice of giving an actual personality to an abstraction. This practice has its origins in animism and ancient religion, and it is called personification by modern theorists of religion and anthropology.The other meaning of personification . . . is the historical sense of prosopopoeia. This refers to the practice of giving a consciously fictional personality to an abstraction, impersonating it. This rhetorical practice requires a separation between the literary pretense of a personality and the actual state of affairs.(Jon Whitman, Allegory: The Dynamics of an Ancient and Medieval Technique. Harvard University Press, 1987)   Personification Today Personification, with allegory, was the literary rage in the 18th century, but it goes against the modern grain and today is the feeblest of metaphorical devices.(Rene Cappon, Associated Press Guide to News Writing, 2000)In present-day English, [personification] has taken on a new lease of life in the media, especially film and advertising, although literary critics like Northrop Frye (cited in Paxson 1994: 172) might well think it is devalued. . . .Linguistically, personification is marked by one or more of the following devices:(Katie Wales, Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English. Cambridge University Press, 1996) the potentiality for the referent to be addressed by you (or thou);the assignment of the faculty of speech (and hence the potential occurrence of I);the assignment of a personal name;co-occurrence of personified NP with he/she;reference to human/animal attributes: what TG would thus term the violation of selection restrictions (e.g. the sun slept). The Lighter Side of Personification [inside SpongeBobs mind]   SpongeBob boss: Hurry up! What do you think Im paying you for?SpongeBob worker: You dont pay me. You dont even exist. Were just a clever visual metaphor used to personify the abstract concept of thought.SpongeBob boss: One more crack like that and youre outta here!SpongeBob worker: No, please! I have three kids!(No Weenies Allowed, SpongeBob SquarePants, 2002) There was a time when music knew its place. No longer. Possibly this is not musics fault. It may be that music fell in with a bad crowd and lost its sense of common decency. I am willing to consider this. I am willing to even to try and help. I would like to do my bit to set music straight in order that it might shape up and leave the mainstream of society. The first thing that music must understand is that there are two kinds of musicgood music and bad music. Good music is music that I want to hear. Bad music is music that I dont want to hear.(Fran Lebowitz, The Sound of Music: Enough Already. Metropolitan Life, E.P. Dutton, 1978) Pronunciation: per-SON-if-i-KAY-shun Also Known As: prosopopoeia

List a few jobs that have been rendered obsolete by technological Essay

List a few jobs that have been rendered obsolete by technological change. Are some of these jobs so unpleasant that they are be - Essay Example With the stunning invention of computer hardware/software, the world witnessed a heavy downsizing in almost every industrial sector. Millions of people especially unskilled workforce was deprived of their jobs as a result of neck breaking inventions. As and how the technologies kept on getting upgraded and excelled, more and more jobs and the machines, which the world’s people were amazed on, became scrapped. Telex machine/Telex operator is the best-fit example to support my statement above. Telex machine, which was once perhaps deemed to be the fastest source of communications, no longer exists. I understand the basis of jobs that became obsolete is â€Å"Necessity is the mother of invention† more than jobs themselves being â€Å"unpleasant†. Before the invention of email/internet, people were comfortable with the postal service and did not feel the postal service being unpleasant or inconvenient. However, now enjoying the facility of email/internet, we now feel embarrassing sending things by mail.

Energy in American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Energy in American History - Essay Example Coal was seen to be economical in the production of steel and iron. The first half of the 19th century energy consumption in America grew significantly in major sectors (Altomonte and Coviello 37). However, after the Second World War, coal began being replaced by petroleum. The coal used in the locomotives was replaced by diesel and gasoline. Coal was increasingly viewed as unsafe and expensive with regard to labor. However, the use of coal in the production of electricity caused coal to remain relevant (Williams 412). At the same time, natural gas and petroleum became the predominant sources of energy in the energy consuming American society (Altomonte and Coviello 37). During the depression, the consumption of petroleum began to rise. This was accelerated by the oil embargoes in 1973. The Europeans played a crucial role in transforming the American natural resources into commodities. According to research, early America was considered to be in a misconception for extremely dependin g on farming. However, the industrial revolution brought a new approach into the American households. This marked the rise of free market and challenged the ancient sources on energy. In the nineteenth century, steam power was introduced. The new concept interlinked technological risks, factory development and energy consumption to ethnicity. ... This marked the beginning of high energy consumption levels in America (Smith 59). According to Nye, the discovery of electricity energized the popular culture. The energy needs of the society rose significantly and the culture of consumption gained momentum. The American society had an assumption that energy supply was surplus (Williams 412). This explains the majority in the American society failed to understand the energy crises in 1970. Research shows that Americans did not associate the energy shortage with the levels of energy consumption and throwaway attitude. However, production and consumption was reconfigured when the computer was embraced (Smith 59). Most of the Americans thought a computer was an energy controlling tool. The quest to explore new sources of energy became a strong social construction. The electricity and automobile had a transformative impact on the society (Altomonte and Coviello 37). The high energy use in America was associated to Americans’ hope s for unlimited energy in a liberal and consumer economy (Altomonte and Coviello 37). Americans believed in self-reliant individualism. The effects of pollution on human health in America have caused the American government to rethink the energy sources. The impacts of greenhouse gases on global warming have caused America to reduce the traditional sources of energy. This is happening through the energy regulation controls and improved technology (Williams 412). There has been a push for America to reduce its dependence on petroleum and natural gas (Smith 59). Moreover, there have been proposals on carbon taxes which might have an impact on the American economy. However, the levels of energy consumption in America have

Social networking and politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social networking and politics - Essay Example Early childhood program is expanded such that all students can access to it. This will include provision of universal access to pre-kindergarten and kindergarten education background (Ishiyama 69). This will enable students to get smart and stable background of their education. Students with stable background will not be having problems in their future education. In addition, adults who dropped out of the education process can access affordable programs, which were created specifically for them to continue with their education. Collaboration was created between school and community to bring social services and education together under one roof (Stiftung 83). This strove to help students and families who are at risk. Qualified teachers should be equally distributed in all parts to bring changes in current practices affecting students who are at risk of being instructed by less qualified and inexperienced teachers. Class size limits: class size limits should be enforced and extended to allow each student to get access and receive necessary individualized attention. This will make public education the highest priority. Experts should be put in charge of curriculum as non-partisans such that they can review any substantive changes to curriculum. The reviewed changes made on curriculum should be made public by the state board. Republican Party ignored the drop out crisis and did not propose any change or action to improve it. Republican Party also proposed that effective class size limits should be eliminated (Parmelee 134). They did not see any importance of effective class size limits on students and parents. Early childhood development: they oppose early childhood development and pre-kindergarten, as they believed that parents could train their children in their early development. They urged congress to remove government-sponsored programs that

E-portfolios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-portfolios - Essay Example As results, the e-portfolio is termed as a repository that learners hold as proof for their development and a foundation to reflect on the learning process. It further encompasses education, delivery and receipt of comment, making plans and setting targets. In addition, collaboration and presentation to a group of people for a variety of reasons for instance partying, display of achievement and during recruitment into jobs. (Cambridge, 2012) States that a portfolio that is electronic consists of technologies that are electronic and gives the developer of the portfolio a variety of formats to organize the artifacts. E-portfolios are complex with functionalities like an administration tool to run and present work build with a number of applications and to establish who has the privilege to see the work. In general e-portfolios enable learners to gather various works and present their portfolios in varied formats. That is inline with the understanding that knowledge dwells in the perspe ctive of both the past and current relationship socially. Teachers traverse five levels in the process of using E-portfolios to weigh their learners. The first stage includes identification of intent, the standards, and addressees. An illustration is the basis of the outcome of the students target by the teacher like establishing cohesion and coherence in essay writing. Teachers then create a means to evaluate the e-portfolio like a framework or behaviors that are observable. Next involves determining the category of the audience as teachers, parents or professors because these addressees affect the designing of the e-portfolio. The following is the selection of the location for the storage, choosing the software tool and assembling artifacts meeting the standards. For proper utilization of the e-portfolio, make a suitable choice of the software. As a result, the consideration by teachers is suitability and availability of software

Personal achievement or talent essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal achievement or talent - Essay Example The most important effect of these values is good leadership, the core foundation of scouting, which has given me the knowledge and ability to lead my peers. Leadership is not just about telling people what to do, but about guiding teammates with positive attitudes, regardless of whether the situation is a sporting game or everyday life. I have already applied these leadership skills within my high school baseball teams and when working summer jobs. The importance of leadership and teamwork were impressed on my from the beginning of my scouting days. Through hard work and dedication to my troop, I became one of the youngest Patrol leaders at age thirteen. This position came with many responsibilities. I experienced having to provide meals for an entire patrol and their dads at the monthly campouts. The tricky part about cooking in the wilderness is you do not have the same equipment you may find in a kitchen. Additionally, no processed meals are allowed at the campouts; everything is made from scratch. The entire meal is a process, from finding firewood to preparing the uncooked food. In other words, cooking is a group endeavor. As patrol leader, I assigned younger and older scouts to do the various tasks, and ensured everyone worked together. I had to learn quickly how to lead, or my patrol would have failed and broken down. In 2009, I became an Assistant Scoutmaster, the last position a Scout must hold before he can transition from a Life Scout to an Eagle Scout. In this position, my leadership duties grew. Instead of just one small patrol, I was put in charge of approximately two hundred people at a summer camp. I had to oversee various activities, not just cooking, and make sure everybody got along. One of the other great things Scouts taught me is the necessity and beauty of diversity. In this large number of people, there were boys of many different races and with many different religions. Learning how

E-portfolios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-portfolios - Essay Example As results, the e-portfolio is termed as a repository that learners hold as proof for their development and a foundation to reflect on the learning process. It further encompasses education, delivery and receipt of comment, making plans and setting targets. In addition, collaboration and presentation to a group of people for a variety of reasons for instance partying, display of achievement and during recruitment into jobs. (Cambridge, 2012) States that a portfolio that is electronic consists of technologies that are electronic and gives the developer of the portfolio a variety of formats to organize the artifacts. E-portfolios are complex with functionalities like an administration tool to run and present work build with a number of applications and to establish who has the privilege to see the work. In general e-portfolios enable learners to gather various works and present their portfolios in varied formats. That is inline with the understanding that knowledge dwells in the perspe ctive of both the past and current relationship socially. Teachers traverse five levels in the process of using E-portfolios to weigh their learners. The first stage includes identification of intent, the standards, and addressees. An illustration is the basis of the outcome of the students target by the teacher like establishing cohesion and coherence in essay writing. Teachers then create a means to evaluate the e-portfolio like a framework or behaviors that are observable. Next involves determining the category of the audience as teachers, parents or professors because these addressees affect the designing of the e-portfolio. The following is the selection of the location for the storage, choosing the software tool and assembling artifacts meeting the standards. For proper utilization of the e-portfolio, make a suitable choice of the software. As a result, the consideration by teachers is suitability and availability of software

Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Social work - Essay Example I have learned to empathize and see the perspective of the service-user I counsel without crossing the boundaries of professionalism. I work with victims of domestic violence. I am aware that they need to be understood but not patronized in a way that makes them feel pitied. I have also learned to control my feelings and not allow them to get in they way of my pursuit of professionalism. For example, there was a service user who was very agitated when she came to the refuge. Her emotionality caused the other workers to panic or become defensive which further provoked her. Although I was nervous, I approached her calmly with a firm but gentle voice and asked her what was bothering her. I did not mirror her actions and reactions or else it will just be encouraged, so I did the opposite and talked to her in a low, calming voice to soothe her, assuring her everything will be alright but she needed to relax. My approach worked because she did calm down. A little while later, she was ready to talk about her issues. In my dealings with service users, I have learned to ask questions that would elicit more information about them and their cases. As much as possible, I ask open-ended questions to enable them to answer with more information instead of just a ‘yes’, a ‘no’ or any other one-word answers. I am learning so much from my placement experiences although I know I have a long way to go. I take every opportunity to hone my skills, enhance my knowledge and build my professionalism. I receive appropriate training, support and supervision to help me in the successful implementation of my duties (Thompson, 2009). I read books, online articles or simply engage in deep conversations with available mentors in placement. â€Å"Social work is a profession and a social science committed to the pursuit of social justice, to quality of life, and to the development of the full potential of each individual, group and community in a society.† I am fully aware

International Vintage International Essay Example for Free

International Vintage International Essay One of Morrisons stunning gifts is her skill in creating ethically unclear conditions for her audiences. In Sula, for one, the reader would be torn in analyzing the depth of character of Sula. Is Sula really the devil others profess her to be, a threat for the otherwise peaceful society? Or could it be that how a person views things as something bad or not depends on ones personal perspective? Sula lives her life without paying any heed to the norms which made the people of Bottom see her as a deviant person. By living her life an uncommon standard the people in their society decided to alienate or estrange her. Even though the society categorize Sula as nothing short of evil, believing that their lives would be a whole lot much better should Sula left, in reality, having Sula there to serve as the sole center of their bad lucks made them live happier lives than it would have been had Sula not lived in the area, thus making her some kind of a scapegoat in the process. In more way than the people in Bottom could imagine, Sulas presence brought more positive consequences than negative ones as they always like to claim. The communitys rationale for labeling Sula as evil is ridiculous. Their attitude only shows that their criticisms of Sula arose more from their need for a scapegoat or for someone to fall the blames into, and Sula happened to be that person. One instance of their preposterous claim could be found on the following quotation found in the book Sula did not look her age. (Morrison 115). Provided that it is true, that Sula did not age as much as the women living at Bottom did, I believe that is not proof enough to treat Sula as the devil incarnate. The people of bottom ignore the fact that most women living in their village only sleeps around (this include Sulas own mom, one of the most well-loved person living in town), and they make this as another of their basis for snubbing Sula. The womenfolk of Bottom detests Sula so much because Sula would lay their husbands once and then no more (Morrison 115), which the women took as some kind of an affront to their very being since they feel like Sula acts all mighty, snatching away their most valuable possession and then throwing it away as though it is nothing of importance. On the other hand, the men folk of the community spread gossips about Sula having had sexual intercourse with white men, which their community views as the lowest thing a woman of her own race could do. Although it is a fact that Sula sleeps with different men as though it is the most natural thing to do, this is more an indication of the way she was reared than of her own malice. If one stop to mull over the fact that Sula had no intimate knowledge of marriage, having lived in a house with women who thought all men available, and selected from among them with a care only for their tastes, (Morrison) and that townsfolk of Bottom have knowledge of Sulas own background and family, it is not really reasonable or just for the townsfolk to alienate Sula on the line of reasoning that she sleeps around with different guys, depending on who she wants to spend the night with. Should truth be told, the people of Bottom does not really care about treating Sula fairly, in that whether they are aware of it or not, they have been yearning for a lone object on which they could hold accountable for everything which would goes wrong, and Sula happened to be that one person they could hold accountable for everything wrong in this world because of her own deviant attitude and outlook in life. Sula, not caring about the way other people sees her and without paying any heed about how the people at Bottom uses hert as a scapegoat, provided positive consequences in the community, contrary to what the people living there loves to claim. In a way, Sulas presence brought considerable progress on the way people lives. Sulas presence brought fear and apprehension among the townsfolk and since they label Sula as the source of their troubles they saw the need to guard and love each other. Thus, contrary to their claim that Sulas presence brought them nothing but misery, in reality Sulas presence prompted them to be good and to love each other better. An example of this could be found among the womenfolk of Bottom, Sulas presence made them realize the value of their husbands making them love and cherish their husbands better than before Sulas return. Men living in Bottom are not really innocent when it comes to bedding other women and Sula is not the only woman they have bedded aside from their wives, yet among the women they have had Sula is the only one which prompted the women of bottom to have better attitude with their husbands. The women of bottom is also to blame for their husbands attitude because should truth be told, a man cherished by their wives is less likely to find another comfort from other women and Sulas arrival in town is like s trigger which prompts their women to realize this thing. Aula also made the townspeople better parents to their children as is the case with Teapots mom. Teapots mother, a drunkard, had not been paying much attention to her son which resulted to her son being hurt and although the doctor stated that the harm was caused by malnutrition, Teapots mother still saw fit to throw the blame to Sula, claiming that the latter hurt her son. After than incident, Teapots mom suddenly became a better mother, treating him with utmost concern and love proving once more that the menace of sulas presence is the absolute driving force for the community to change for the better. The people treated Sulas death as good news, though in reality, it really is a blow and the mass death tackled in the story symbolizes the great loss Sula really was for the Bottom. In fact, Sulas death caused the townsfolk to revert back to their old behavior, once more leaving the elderly to foster homes, the wives neglecting their husbands, Teapots mother abusing him again, and so on. This proves that Sulas absence made the townsfolk feel so hopeless bleak, and miserable. Sula is a motivation which prompted them to act better and like any good motivation, her loss, caused people to revert back to their old behavior. As strange as it may sound, the townsfolk actually needs Sula. Even Nel realized later that she made use of Sula as her own scapegoat, believing that the sorrow she felt was really from missing her husband Jude who had an affair with Sula, realizing too late that what she really missed is Sula, her friend, and not her husband. Being deviant could really make people alienate a person, as was the case with Sula. However, in Sulas case, the estrangement of Sula from the community saved the townsfolk from their own bad behaviors or conducts. Sula, actually caused the people at Bottom to live better lives, making them seek out each other to save themselves from the presence of evil (Sula) in the community. Sulas presence produced good results at the peoples lives at Bottom, in the same way that her death resulted to a loss of hope for the community. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Acceptance Speech. Nobel Lecture. 7 Dec 1993 Morrison, Toni. Sula. New York: Vintage International Vintage International, 2004. Last Name of Student 5

Explore The Relative Advantages Of Both Market Driven Marketing Essay

Explore The Relative Advantages Of Both Market Driven Marketing Essay In marketing research and literature, debate has been surrounding two approaches of market orientation that firms could adopt: market-driven and market-driving. Some argue that market-driving behavior is superior to market-driven behavior in creating customer values that contribute to growth and profitability, such as IKEA, Dell and Southwest Airlines, to name a few. (eg. Kotler et al., 2000) On the other hand, majority of authors stresses that these two behaviors are complementary. (e.g. Jaworski et al., 2000; Sheth and Sisodia, 1999) Such controversy leaves open questions to practitioners: Which is the winning approach for the firms to adopt? Should these two the competing approaches or complement each other? This essay begins with an introduction of market orientation, along with the market-driven and market-driving behavior. The next section will explore the relative advantages of these two behaviors from the marketing perspective and then to draw a conclusion to suggest that these two behaviors are complementing each other of which both play important roles in generating sustainable competitive advantage in todays dynamics business environment. Overview of Market Orientation Since late 1980s, significant amount of research in marketing suggesting that market orientation is the most effective strategy of achieving and maintaining long term competitive advantage and continue to stress its importance to the firms superior profitability. (e.g., Day, 1994b; Jaworski et al., 2000; Kohli Jaworski, 1990; Kotler et al., 2000; Narver and Slater 1990) Jaworski and Kohli (1996) defined market orientation as the organization wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future customer needs, dissemination of the intelligence across departments, and organization-wide responsiveness to it. (see figure 1) On the other hand, Narver and Slater (1990) defined market orientation as an organization culture committed to the continuous creation of superior value for the customers and thus, continuous superior performance for the business. Narver and Slater (1990) classified the market orientation into responsive and proactive. The responsive approach, a typical response of a firm that exhibits a market driven behavior, is customer led, considering the market structure and customer preferences as given and focusing on the satisfaction of expressed customer needs. In contrast, the proactive market orientation, a typical response of market-driving firm, aims towards the satisfaction of latent needs, reshaping the customer preferences and market structure to enhance the competitive position of the company. (see figure 1) Figure Market Orientation Process (Neuenburg, 2010, p.49) Figure 2 below provides a framework adopted from Neuenburg (2010), which shows the whole spectrum of market-oriented behaviors that summarizes the discussion above. Figure 2 Marketing driven behavior vs market driving behavior (Neuenburg, 2010, p.46) In a nutshell, although there are differences in the precise definition, the market orientation is a fundamental approach for a firm to understand its markets, which represent an additional strategic dimension (Narver and Slater, 1998) and the implementation of the marketing concept (Jaworski and Kohli, 1990) that focuses the firms efforts on the needs of the market, learn about market developments, share this information within the organization and adapt the offering to the market. (Jaworski and Kohli, 1990) The Market Driven and Its Advantages Figure Conceptual Framework: Two Forms of Market Orientation (Jaworski et al., 2000, p.130) According to Jaworski et al. (2000), the term market-driven refers to learning, understanding, and responding to stakeholder perceptions and behaviors within a given market structure. (see figure 3) Specifically, the focus of a market-driven approach is to keep the status quo on existing customer preferences and behavior within an existing market structure. (Day, 1999a; Day, 1999b; Jaworski et al., 2000) The key element of market-driven behavior is to monitor customer satisfaction and analyzing customer needs, finding competitive advantage and strategic targeting. (Cravens and Shipp, 1991) Monitoring customer satisfaction allows firms to get an early indication about changing customer needs and preferences and the identification of future customer needs. Analyzing these needs helps the firms to prevent bad decisions or overlooking important parts of the customer value proposition as well as identifying its current or potential competitive advantage. (Cravens and Shipp, 1991) Firms gain advantage by matching the requirements of market segments with its capabilities to identify the best opportunities to serve its customers. (Cravens and Shipp, 1991) As markets become more fragmented the decision about which segments to target becomes increasingly important because each segment represents its own specific needs. (Neuenburg, 2010) Understanding of Markets, Customers, and Competitors Successful companies like Nestle, Procter Gamble, and Unilever are market-driven which reflects the conventional wisdom of marketing philosophy wherein they establish a clear understanding of markets, customers, and competitors. (Day, 1994b) Market-driven firms gain advantage to have good understanding of the market and how it is likely to change in the future. Furthermore, they hear the voice of the customers and develop differentiated products or services for a well-defined segment and then create combinations of marketing mix to adapt its offerings to satisfy customer needs. (Hills and Sarin, 2003; Kotler et al., 2000) As Day (1994b) argues, market-driven organizations are superior in their market-sensing and customer-linking capabilities, which enable them to understand, attract, and keep valuable customers. (Day, 1999a) When these two capabilities are deeply embedded within the organization, all functional activities and organizational processes will be better directed toward a nticipating and responding to changing market requirements ahead of competitors. (Day, 1994b) Therefore, market-driven firms are well equipped to achieve high levels of performance (Day, 1994b) and are expected to be more adaptable and perform better than less market-driven competitors because they stay in touch with existing and potential customer needs and competitor moves better than more internally focused firms. (Day, 1990) They are also predicted to be better and more successful at introducing new products to the market than their competitors. (Narver and Slater ,1990) They may not be the most innovative firm in their industry but, they will excel at adapting technologies to meet current and future customer needs. Thus, they often exhibit the adaptive characteristics of the Analyzer organization. (Miles and Snow 1978) Home Depot and Cisco Systems represent two examples of firm successfully adopting market-driven strategy of which their business focuses on putting customers first and sees themselves engage in the relationship business, not the transaction business. They strive to provide superior customer value through unprecedented customer service to increase customer satisfaction. This is how Home Deport leads with home improvement mega-stores by offering low prices and low frills but excellent services. IBM, on the other hand, failed to recognize market changes and customer preferences for personal computers which had resulted with a record loss for the fourth quarter of 1992 of $5 billion. IBM set a record for the largest annual loss in an American corporation in 1992 with a loss of $4.97 billion. Brand Portfolios as Assets In term of brand, companies with strong brands have more loyal customers, get greater return on marketing investments and are rewarded with attractive price premiums. As such, market-driven firms view their brand portfolios as assets to be leveraged and market development activities as investments rather than expenses. (Day, 1998) According to Day (1998), to manage a brand as an asset requires the deep market insights, organizational commitment and reasoned investment decisions that come naturally to market-driven firms. Moreover, the focus on long-run return from marketing investments enables market-driven firms to understand which customers are profitable to pursue, and knowing how to encourage loyalty by reducing customer acquisition costs. (Day, 1998) Creation of Permanent Value of the Existing Products or Services As quoted from Stoclhorst and Van Raaij (2004), customers do not always strive towards new and technologically superior products or services, but towards permanent value of the existing products or services so that the competition would find it hard to imitate. Hence, it is possible for market-driven firms to become irreplaceable for customers if the firms put serious focus on customers attempts constantly to offer something that are better and faster than the competitors and make the accessibility to the products and services easier. Importantly, there is support from research findings (Stull et al., 2007) validating that market-driven companies are 31% more profitable, twice as fast to bring products to market, twice as likely to lead, and enjoy 20% higher customer satisfaction rates. Furthermore, empirical results of another study (Vorhies et al., 1999) demonstrated that, the 43 market-driven firms outperformed the 44 less market-driven firms across adaptability, customer satisfaction, growth, and profitability dimensions. This finding supports the marketing literature about the capabilities of market-driven firms (Day, 1994; Day and Wensley 1988) and extends the findings on empirical research of market orientation. (e.g Jaworski et al.,1993; Narver Slater 1994) The Market Driving and Its Advantages Figure Conceptual Framework: Two Forms of Market Orientation (Jaworski, Kohli, and Sahay 2000, p.46) The term market-driving refers to changing the structure or composition of a market and/or the behavior(s) of players in the market. (Jaworski, et al., 2000) (see figure 4) It matches a proactive business logic that enhances the competitive position of the business (Tuominen et al., 2004) of which it involves the shaping of the market structure via deconstruction (eliminating competitors in the value chain), construction (adding players into the industry value chain) or a functional modification (shifting the functions performed by players in a market), and the shaping of market behavior by creating or reversing new customers or competitors preferences. (Carrillat et al., 2004; Jaworski, et al., 2000) Schindehutte et al. (2008) presented a different view of market-driving construct clarifying that it is an entrepreneurial phenomenon. They argue that the interface between the entrepreneurship and marketing offers a unique perspective on the market related decisions of firms and the observed impact of these decisions in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Schindehutte et al. (2008) further argued that the market-driving behavior reflects a strong entrepreneurial orientation (EO). It has both the dynamic advantage that creates capability and a disruptive advantage that destroys the performance outcome. (Schindehutte et al., 2008) Despite the many different views on the notion of market-driving behavior, it has appeared as an alternative to market-driven strategy which has been recognized as a successful strategy for a number of established firms such as Amazon.com, BodyShop, CNN, IKEA and Dell, all of which has a clear brand image, a strong market position, and exhibit sustainable international business growth whereby success is based on radical business innovation, ventured into new markets, revolutionized existing industries by changing rules of the game. (Kotler et al., 2000) Kotler et al. (2000) indicate that the success of market-driving firms is based on two dimensions of radical innovation a discontinuous leap in the value proposition and the implementation of a unique business system (see Figure 5 and 6). Kotler et al. (2000) define value proposition as the combination of benefits, acquisition efforts/costs, and price offered to customers. While, unique business system refers to the configuration of the various activities required to create, produce, and deliver the value proposition to the customer. Figure Types of Strategic Innovation (Kumar et al., 2000, p.130) Figure Leap in Customer Value (Kumar et al., 2000, p.130) Therefore, the market-driving advocates argued that the market-driving firms gain more viable competitive advantage with greater performance and reap vast rewards than those that are not in a number of ways. Delivering Superior Value Kotler et al., (2000) suggested that the leap in customer value involve either breakthrough technology or breakthrough marketing enables firms to create a product and service experience that overwhelms customer expectations and existing alternatives. (Kotler et al., 2000) For example, FedEx constantly led its customers to ever higher expectations for quick delivery times, leaving competitors struggling to meet the spiraling demands. (Kotler et al., 2000) According to Carrillat et al. (2004), successful market-driving firms deliver superior value that best matches with their capabilities and by exploiting the competitors weaknesses. It also allows firms to exploit opportunities that competitors cannot (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994) and that includes addressing the deep-seated, latent or emerging customer needs. (Kotler et al., 2000) The study results in the paper of Market-driving in retail banking (Martà ­n-Consuegra et al., 2008) revealed that the two characteristics of market-driving: driving the market structure and shaping the market behavior if combined together contribute positively to overall performance of retail banks, particularly in terms of enabling them to satisfy their customers latent and expressed needs better. (Martà ­n-Consuegra et al., 2008) This study further suggested that bank-marketing managers should emphasize customer understanding in pursuing proactive market orientation, which will lead to improved performance. Market-driving behavior also enables firms to benefit from free advertising via buzz network through strong brand attachment. Customers are delighted by the leap in customer value of the offerings and are excited to share their customer experience with friends and public. Traditional printed media and online social media are often publicizing the review on radical new innovation. While early adopters and opinion leaders who are enthusiastic and committed to new innovation products and services has the influential power to generate excitement and emotional attachment among their followers. Consequently, The advertising-to-sales ratio is often less than that of their established competitors. (Kotler et al., 2000). Nike is one of the examples provided by Kotler et al. (2000) Nike didnt run a single national television ad until they had 1 billion dollars in sales. Phil Knight observes they instead used word-of-foot advertising by getting the best athletes to wear their products. Further more, study of Tuominen et al. (2004) revealed that market-driving behavior contribute to higher customer intimacy and is associated with generative (explorative) learning. On top of that, market-driving firms gain the advantage to establish new industry price points for the quality or service levels they deliver, either towards higher performance at lower price points or to charge a price premium that is higher than typical in an industry. Firms like Swatch and Southwest Airlines set the prices much lower than their competitors for similar products and services. (Kotler et al., 2000) For example, Southwest Airlines charged $15.00 for a trip from Dallas to San Antonio when Braniff, the next most inexpensive competitor, was charging $62.00. (Kotler et al., 2000) Such significant price gap and low price policy has successfully attracted many of the ground transportation users to choose Southwest Airlines. Their focus to compete on the ground transportation enable them to create new business opportunities in a market segment that has been ignored by their competitors. (Kotler et al., 2000). On the other hand, CNN, Starbucks, and FedEx are those market-driv ing firms that have a value proposition that is significantly more compelling than the existing alternatives, which enables them to set prices considerably higher than the standard in the industry. (Kotler et al., 2000) Implementation of Unique Business System According to Kotler et al. (2000), the success of IKEA and Dell is not only by just delivering discontinuous leap in customer value but also is attributed to the implementation of unique and radical business system which is hard to imitate by their competitors. Kotler et al. (2000) argued that such business system creates a more sustainable advantage, as it takes time for a would-be competitor to assemble the intra-organizational and inter-organizational players needed to replicate that unique system architecture. In term of distribution and channel management, market-driving firms focus a wide range of innovative practices within their industries. For example, Southwest Airlines handles its own ticketing instead of make seats available through the standard industry computerized reservation systems such as Sabre and Apollo. As a result, only 55 per cent of its tickets are sold through travel agents compared to 90 per cent for the industry, adding up to substantial savings on travel agents commissions. (Kotler et al., 2000) Reshaping the Customer Preferences and Market Structure Market-driving firm could lead customer value opportunities in new directions to achieve superior business performance by destroying the existing market segmentation and replacing it with a new set of segments reflecting the new altered landscape. (Kotler et al., 2000) For example, Southwest Airlines destroyed the market segmentation between ground transportation and airlines, attracting many ground transportation user who would not otherwise traveled by air. Jaworski, et al. (2000) suggested that firms could shape the market behavior directly or indirectly. One of the indirect options is by changing the existing preferences of customers or other stakeholders from a positive (negative) to a negative (positive) evaluation (Jaworski, et al., 2000). Examples of products that were formerly negative but are now positive are Skoda in automotive industry and Adidas in fashion and accessory industry. (Jaworski, et al., 2000) The proactive behavior of market-driving firms would also contribute to more innovative products and services, and more new product success (Narver et al., 2004) that enable firms to pioneer new markets, which would eventually lead to market ownership. In the case study about De Beers in China, Harris and Cai (2002) explored the advantage of market-driving behavior in practice and incurred, as cited from Neuenburg, (2010), firms gain significant market control in environments where markets are immature and product preferences are not yet formed. Conclusion Clearly, each of the market-driven and market-driving behavior has its own advantages and the notion of these two is highly relevant for business marketers (Tuominen et al., 2004). It is suggested that firms should well aware of the business logic they are applying (e.g. proactive or reactive) then it should be a match with the type of market orientation they emphasized. That is, according to Tuominen et al. (2004), the implementation of the specific strategic logic presumes matching marketing capabilities and learning capability. However, to sustain success in the long run, Sheth and Sisodia (1999) provided a more convincing argument, that firms need to be market-driven and market-driving simultaneously. Jaworski et al. (2000) echo such argument and proposed that truly market-oriented firms combine both behaviors of which these two are complementary. In other words, firms should devote effort in market-driven activities, such as incremental innovation and traditional market research. Nevertheless, firms should also continue to search for their next radical business innovation to drive them into new competitive position or the market leader risks being leap-frogged and deposed by upstart market drivers. (Neuenburg, 2010)

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet :: Essays Papers

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet (1) Shakespeare’s play Hamlet [Titles] uses character flaws and strong emotions to highlight strengths and weaknesses in his characters. He also uses differences and similarities between characters to force action along the path he intends the story to travel. This technique is called using foils. The likes or dislikes of one character for another can completely alter the direction of the story. For example, love of a son for his father can be twisted and perverted, with the proper use of characters, into an outlet for hatred and revenge. [This is a very nice idea for a thesis, but instead of using Gertrude and Ophelia as foils (See below.), it would have been much better to use Fortinbras, who, like Hamlet, is also a son of a king who has been killed. Gertrude and Ophelia simply do not fit the category of "son."] (2) An example of foils is Hamlet and Laertes. [Which is the foil?] They both love their fathers, but their love has been distorted and all they feel now is a need for revenge for their fathers’ deaths. The need they have for revenge is fueled by their love for the father’s [No '] they lost. However, they pay for this with their lives. They both are honorable men, they both see the errors they made and forgive each other at the end of the play. Hamlet and Laertes are similar in some ways and different in other ways. (3) Laertes blames Hamlet for the death of his father. [Poor topic sentence] This becomes even worse when Claudius doesn’t openly punish Hamlet because of his popularity. Hamlet knows that Laertes is a good soldier and is loyal to Claudius. These men differ in the way they seek revenge. Laertes, upon arrival and hearing of his father’s death immediately goes to Claudius and seeks justice for his father. On the other hand, Hamlet doesn’t show any need for speed at all. He begins to devise an intricate plan of faked mental instability and other ploys to get his way. However, Laertes would not hesitate to take his revenge quickly. [This is, perhaps, Laertes' most important role as a foil for Hamlet. It should be emphasized more, by showing how Laertes' haste brings Hamlet's procrastination into the sunlight.

Argumentative Essay on Cervical Cancer

Shelley Miller Dr. Ashli Dykes Composition 1 12 November 2012 Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is a cancer that starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, which opens at the top of the vagina. It occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control. Cervical cancer can often be successfully treated when it is found early. It is usually fount at a very early stage through a pap-test. Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Routine pap-smears, in the United States, have narrowed down the disease, unlike other countries.This disease starts in the cells on the surface of the cervix. Of the two types of cells, on the surface of the cervix, squamous and columnar, the majority of cervical cancers form on the squamous cells. It is a slow developing disease. It starts out as dysplasia, a pre-cancerous condition. Normally a pap-smear can detect the pre-cancerous condition. If left undetected, over years, a pre-cancerous condition can turn into cerv ical cancer. In most circumstances, women who have routine pap-smears normally do not get cervical cancer (PubMed Health).The most recent statistic numbers available are from the year 2008. There were 12,410 women in the United States diagnosed with cervical cancer. Out of all those women, 4,008 of them died from the disease. These incidents and death counts cover approximately 100% of the U. S. population in 2008. The famous Greek physician, Hippocrates, was the first to write about cervical cancer in 400BCE; although, he could identify the disease, he declared it incurable. In the following twenty-five centuries, many women died from this disease. Dr. Hinselmann invented the colposcope in 1925.The colposcope allowed doctors to examine the cervix more closely, which allowed them to check for abnormalities. The closer examinations meant that some cancers were found in time for surgery to be successful. The pap-smear was named after Georgios Papanikolaou, who in 1928, found that he c ould identify abnormal cells taken from the surface of the cervix. Since its invention in 1943, this procedure has saved many lives all around the world. It’s estimated that if a woman’s cervical cancer is diagnosed by a Pap smear, rather than before symptoms appear, she has a 92% chance of a full recovery.If she waits for signs of disease before going to the doctor, her chance of survival drops to 66%. More than 70% of women who die from cervical cancer have not had a Pap smear within the last five years. It’s recommended that all women between the ages of 21 and 60 have a smear test every three to five years, although if a woman has never been sexually active, the test is not necessary. Epidemiologists, in the early twentieth century, noticed that cervical cancer shared many characteristics of a STD (sexually transmitted disease) (Yukozimo).Although there are normally no signs of early stages in cervical cancer, the symptoms that may occur are similar to those of a STD. Symptoms of cervical cancer are abnormal vaginal bleeding, continuous vaginal discharge, and/or abnormal periods. Abnormal vaginal bleeding can or may include between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause. Periods may be abnormal if they become heavier or last longer than usual. Vaginal discharge may be â€Å"pale, watery, pink, brown, bloody, or foul-smelling. † Another easy to recognize symptom, of early stages, is pain during intercourse.Patients with cervical cancer generally start having problems when it advances and spreads to nearby tissue. It may spread to the bladder, lungs, intestines, and liver. If the cancer spreads, the symptoms become more noticeable and serious. The symptoms of advanced cervical cancer includes back pain, bone pain or fractures, fatigue, difficulty urinating, pain when urinating or blood in urine, as well as, leaking of urine or feces from vagina, leg pain, loss of weight and appetite, pelvic pain, single swollen leg, and/or weight loss (PubMed Health).Other symptoms of advanced cervical cancer are diarrhea, or pain or bleeding from the rectum upon defecation, fatigue, and general feeling of illness, and a swollen abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. (WebM. D. ) Most cervical cancer cases start out as HPV (Human papilloma virus), which is a common virus spread through sexual intercourse. There are many types of HPV; however, not all types lead to cervical cancer. Increased risks for cervical cancer can be determined by a woman’s sexual habits.Having sex at a young age, multiple sex partners, or having multiple partners who participate in high risk sexual activities are all examples of risky sexual habits. Other risk factors include poor economic statue, not getting the HPV vaccine, weakened immune system, and being born to a mother who took the DES drug (diethylstilbestrol, which prevented miscarriages), while pregnant. There are many different types of treatment for cervical cancer but it depends on several things like what stage the cancer is in, size and/or shape of the tumor, the age of a woman, her general health, and her desire of having more children later on.Destroying or removing the pancreas or cancerous tissue can cure cervical cancer in its early stages. There are other types of treatments, involving surgery, which can be done without destroying the uterus or damaging the cervix so that, in the future, a woman can have other children. LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), cryotherapy, or laser therapy, are the types of surgeries that can be done; however, they are only effective if the cancer is caught at an early stage. Leep uses electricity to remove abnormal tissue, cryotherapy freezes abnormal cells, and laser therapy uses light to burn abnormal cells.A hysterectomy is a more intense surgery used to cure cervical cancer. It works by removing the uterus but not the ovaries. This surgery is usually performed in result of multiple failed LEEP procedures. There are more advanced treatments for those whose cervical cancer is later detected. These procedures are radical hysterectomy and pelvic exenteration. A radical hysterectomy consists of removing the uterus as well as the surrounding tissues, which include the lymph nodes and the upper part of the vagina.The pelvic exenteration is an extreme type of surgery in which all of the organs of the pelvis, including the bladder and rectum, are removed. In some cases when the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis or has returned, forms of radiation therapy are used. There are two forms of radiation therapy used: internal and external. Internal radiation therapy uses a device filled with radioactive material, which is placed inside the woman's vagina next to the cervical cancer. The device is removed when she goes home. External radiation therapy beams radiation from a large machine onto the body where the cancer is located.It is similar to an x-ray (PubMed Health) In conclusion, cervical cancer is a serious condition in which the medical field has been experimenting with and developing cures for throughout the years. The advances made in this study, since it was discovered in 1943, are remarkable. Due to the developments of tests and treatments for this disease, the amount of women who die from it, has decreased greatly. Hopefully in the years to come, researchers will find a way to make cervical cancer extinct. Work Cited â€Å"Cervical Cancer. † PubMed Health. A. D. A. M. , Inc. 2012.Web. 10 November 2012. www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001895/ â€Å"Cervical Cancer Health Center. † New York, NY. WebMD. WebMD, LLC. 2005-2012. Web. 07 November 2012. www. webmd. com/cancer/cervical-cancer/default. htm Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. â€Å"Cervical Cancer Statistics. † CDC. Web. 08 November 2012. www. cdc. gov/cancer/cervical/statistics â€Å"Who Discovered Cervical Cancer? † Yukozimo. Web. 12 November 2012. www. discovery. yukozimo. com/who-discovered-cervical-cancer/